dBVU

– Volume Unit is an Analog Measurement

– the “VU World” has often a Headroom of About +3dB Above VU Zero or Sometimes +6dB (+6dB was Already in the Distortion Area)

– the Standard Calibration is 1.228 Volts, i.e. if you Let 1.228 Volts through your System, you would Wanna  Set the VU Meter to Read “0dBVU” (Zero)

– so 0dBVU = 1.228 Volts = 4dBU (“U” Stands for Unloaded)

– Other than the dBFS Scale, a VU Meter can be Calibrated However you Want and you can Go Above Zero and Below Zero 

– to Compare dBVU to dBFS we Enter Bit Math, but Most Converters will have from “-18dBFS to -22dBFS” Equals 0dBVU  (= 1.228 Volts)

– Notice that Digital Full Scale Translates to About +10 VU in the VU World (which Results in a Distorted Signal)